ITM4610 - Introduction to Cryptography

Network Security Concepts, Encryption Techniques, Block Ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard

• Cybersecurity, Information Security, and Network Security
• The OSI Security Architecture
• Security Attacks
• Security Services
• Security Mechanisms
•  Cryptography
• Network Security
• Trust and Trustworthiness
• Standards
• Symmetric Cipher Model
• Substitution Techniques
• Transposition Techniques
• Traditional Block Cipher Structure
• The Data Encryption Standard
• A DES Example
• The Strength of DES
• Block Cipher Design Principles

Advanced Encryption Standard, Random Bit Generation and Stream Ciphers

• Finite Field Arithmetic
• AES Structure
• AES Transformation Functions
• AES Key Expansion
• An AES Example
• AES Implementation
• Appendix 6A: Polynomials with Coefficients in GF(28)
• Principles of Pseudorandom Number Generation
• Pseudorandom Number Generators
• Pseudorandom Number Generation Using a Block Cipher
• Stream Ciphers
• RC4
• Stream Ciphers Using Feedback Shift Registers
• True Random Number Generators

Public-Key Cryptography, RSA and Cryptographic Hash Functions

• Principles of Public-Key Cryptosystems
• The RSA Algorithm
• Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange
• Elgamal Cryptographic System
• Elliptic Curve Arithmetic
• Elliptic Curve Cryptography
• Applications of Cryptographic Hash Functions
• Two Simple Hash Functions
• Requirements and Security
• Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)
• SHA-3

Message Authentication Codes, Digital Signatures, Cryptographic Key Management and Distribution

• Message Authentication Requirements
• Message Authentication Functions
• Requirements for Message Authentication Codes
• Security of MACs
• MACs Based on Hash Functions: HMAC
• MACs Based on Block Ciphers: DAA and CMAC
• Authenticated Encryption: CCM and GCM
• Key Wrapping
• Pseudorandom Number Generation Using Hash Functions and MACs
• Digital Signatures
• Elgamal Digital Signature Scheme
• Schnorr Digital Signature Scheme
• Nist Digital Signature Algorithm
• Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
• RSA-PSS Digital Signature Algorithm
• Symmetric Key Distribution Using Symmetric Encryption
• Symmetric Key Distribution Using Asymmetric Encryption
• Distribution of Public Keys
• X.509 Certificates
• Public-Key Infrastructure

User Authentication, Transport-Level Security and Wireless Network Security

• Remote User-Authentication Principles
• Remote User-Authentication Using Symmetric Encryption
• Kerberos
• Remote User-Authentication Using Asymmetric Encryption
• Federated Identity Management
• Web Security Considerations
• Transport Layer Security
• HTTPS
• Secure Shell (SSH)
• Wireless Security
• Mobile Device Security
• IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Overview
• IEEE 802.11i Wireless LAN Security

Appendix A: Basic Concepts from Linear Algebra

• A.1 Operations on Vectors and Matrices
• A.2 Linear Algebra Operations Over Zn

Appendix B: Measures of Secrecy and Security

• B.1 Conditional Probability
• B.2 Perfect Secrecy
• B.3 Information and Entropy
• B.4 Entropy and Secrecy
• B.5 Min-Entropy

Appendix C: Data Encryption Standard

Appendix D: Simplified AES

• D.1 Overview
• D.2 S-AES Encryption and Decryption
• D.3 Key Expansion
• D.4 The S-box
• D.5 S-AES Structure

Appendix E: Mathematical Basis of the Birthday Attack

• E.1 Related Problem
• E.2 The Birthday Paradox
• E.3 Useful Inequality
• E.4 The General Case of Duplications
• E.5 Overlap Between Two Sets